Constitution of the United States

Amendments

1-12 - OTL

13 - Ratified in 1827

The Electors shall be chosen in Districts, not more than two in any one district, and the voters in each district shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature, and the arrangement of the districts shall not be alterable by the states within the period of two years previous to the election of President.


The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be President; and if no person has such a majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding two on the list of those voted for as President, a joint ballot of the two Houses of Congress shall choose immediately the President.


The person having the greatest number of votes for Vice President, shall be Vice President; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding two on the list of those voted for as Vice President, a joint ballot of the two Houses of Congress shall choose immediately the Vice President.

14 - Ratified in 1870

The several States shall be grouped into several contiguous Judicial Divisions with as close to equal Numbers of Free Persons as Possible; and the Supreme Court shall consist of residents of each Judicial Division in equal number, and each Justice of the Supreme Court shall have been resident of their Judicial Division for a period of not less than fourteen Years.


Any person who is or has served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States shall be ineligible to the Presidency or Vice Presidency, or appointment to any executive office, for-ever.

15 - Ratified in 1871

Article IV, section 2, second paragraph is hereby repealed and struck from the Constitution.

16 - Ratified in 1872

As the Union is perpetual, its dissolution and secession is illegal.

17 - Ratified in 1872

Electoral votes for the President and Vice President of the United States shall be chosen by the people of the several districts, and the voters in each state shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.


In case the casting of electoral votes, or the election of a member of Congress, shall see a double return, a joint session of Congress shall constitute a tribunal of not more than eleven members, this tribunal shall determine which votes are legal, and shall present them to Congress.


A joint session of Congress shall serve as the judge of returns and qualifications of all election returns, save for elections to the House of Representatives.

18 - Ratified in 1875

Slavery being incompatible with a republican form of government, is forever prohibited in the United States, and all territories under its jurisdiction; and involuntary servitude is permitted only as punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.


At no time shall convicts be contracted for labor for any state or federal government, or for the benefit of manufactories, agriculture, or industry.


Congress shall have power to make all laws to enforce this article.

19 - Ratified in 1876

All persons who willingly participated in the late rebellion against the United States are hereby barred from voting and office in all state and federal elections, unless granted amnesty under such terms Congress may direct.


Neither the United States nor any State shall assume debts incurred or hereafter incurred in aid of insurrection or war against the United States, nor shall they make payment of claims to any disloyal persons, or for emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

20 - Ratified in 1877

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.


There shall be no oligarchy, aristocracy, or caste invested with peculiar privileges or powers, and there shall be no denial of rights, civil or political, on account of race or color anywhere within the limits of the United States or the jurisdiction thereof, but all persons therein shall be equal before the law whether in the court room or at the ballot box.


The right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, or to take office therein, shall never be abridged on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.


Congress shall have power to make all laws to enforce this article.

21 - Ratified in 1878

The Senate of the United States may not propose or concur with Amendments to Bills for raising Revenue.


The President shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Congress in joint Session assembled, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Members present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Congress in joint Session assembled, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

22 - Ratified in 1879

All adult male citizens of the United States, except those barred by the nineteenth amendment, or duly convicted of treason, have the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, or take up offices thereof.


Congress shall have power to make all laws to enforce this article.

23 - Ratified in 1882

The Congress shall have Power, by appropriate legislation, to issue Money in any form whatsoever.

24 - Ratified in 1886

The United States shall henceforth only acquire lands contiguous by land to existing States or Territories. Save only non-contiguous territories not exceeding in size ten thousand kilometers square that may be acquired for coaling or like purposes.

25* - Ratified in 1891

Article I, Section 3, first and second paragraphs of the Constitution, shall henceforth read as follows:

"The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.


"Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct."


This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

26* - Ratified in 1891

The terms of Senators and Representatives shall begin at noon on the 1d Monday of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.


The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 1d Monday of January unless they shall by law appoint a different day.


The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 30th day of April, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.

27* - Ratified in 1891

Principal Officers of each executive Department may propose Bills to the House of Representatives for the purposes of passage through Congress.

28* - Ratified in 1891

The people of the United States and territories under their jurisdiction shall elect the President and the Vice President. Each elector shall cast a single vote for two persons, and they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and the person voted for as Vice President.


The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the two highest numbers on the list of those voted for as President the people of the several States shall elect the President.


The person having the greatest number of votes for Vice President, shall be the Vice President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the two highest numbers on the list of those voted for as Vice President the people of the several States shall elect the Vice President.


The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for President and Vice President, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof, and in the Territories by the Congress; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations.


Naturalized citizens who fulfil qualifications as to age and residency shall be eligible to the Presidency.

29* - Ratified in 1891

Article I, Section 9, fourth paragraph of the Constitution, is hereby repealed.

30* - Ratified in 1891

Congress shall have the exclusive power, by appropriate legislation, to grant, protect, and regulate the right to use and adopt trademarks.


Congress shall have the exclusive power, by appropriate legislation, to recognize and regulate the institutions of marriage and inheritance in the United States, and all territories under her jurisdiction.

31* - Ratified in 1891

Congress shall have the power, by appropriate legislation, to charter universities and other educational institutions in the United States, or any territory under its jurisdiction.


A general diffusion of knowledge and intelligence being necessary for a republican form of government, each state, and in each territory the Congress of the United States, is henceforth mandated to establish and forever maintain a system of free public schools not under the control of any religious sect, sufficiently numerous for the accommodation of all persons between the ages of five and eighteen for the jurisdiction therein, and in the case a state shall fail to carry out these provisions, the Congress shall have power to establish therein such a system and cause the same to be maintained at the expense of such State.


This section shall not be construed to deny states, or the Congress of the United States, the power to establish or maintain additional public schools.

32* - Ratified in 1892

The Supreme Court shall not declare an Act of Congress repugnant to the Constitution without the concurrence of two thirds of its membership.


If after such declaration two thirds of each House of Congress shall approve of the Act, the judgement shall be considered as null and void.

33* - Ratified in 1892

Congress shall have the power, by appropriate legislation, to regulate the hours of labor for which persons may be employed in manufacture and other industries, and to limit, regulate, and prohibit the labor of persons under eighteen years of age.

34* - Ratified in 1892

Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States shall serve for terms of twelve years, and they shall be divided equally as may be into three Classes, so that one Class may be vacated every four years, and no Justice, having served for a full twelve year term, shall be eligible for appointment ever again.

35* - Ratified in 1892

On the Petition of one third of the whole number of Electors in a District for the Election of a Member of the House of Representatives, the Electors in District therein shall, as Congress may direct, hold an Election on whether the Representation shall be held vacant, and in the case a majority shall vote for vacancy, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue a Writ of Election for the representation therein for which the former Member shall be ineligible.

36* - Ratified in 1892

The United States shall have the power to protect each State against domestic violence whenever it shall be shown to the President, in such such manner as Congress may by law prescribe, that such violence exists in such State.


Congress shall have the power, by appropriate legislation, to ensure the security of all registration of voters and holding of elections in the United States and their jurisdiction, and to protect citizens of the United States in the exercise and enjoyment of their rights, privileges, and immunities, and to assure to them the equal protection of the laws.

37 - Ratified in 1894

In case of the vacancy of the office of the Presidency, the Vice-President shall ascend to the Office of President.


In case of the vacancy in the office of the Vice Presidency, the Senate shall shall elect from its number a Vice President.

38* - Ratified in 1896

All adult citizens of the United States, except those barred by the nineteenth amendment, or duly convicted of treason, or married to a citizen so proscribed by this article, have the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, or take up offices thereof.


Congress shall have power to make all laws to enforce this article.







* Proposed under the Convention to Propose Amendments to the Constitution of the United States (1890)